shale sandstone conglomerate sp and gamma ray log interpertation
well control .pdf
Kicks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-2
Controlling a kick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-3
Shut-in procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-3
Kill methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-3
Wait-and-weight method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-3
Driller's method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-4
Concurrent method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-4
Kick control problems
stuck pipe .pdf free download
Differential sticking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-2
ENVIRO-SPOT spotting fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-4
DUAL PHASE spotting fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-5
Determining depth to stuck zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-9
Packing off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-9
Undergauge hole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-11
Plastic flowing formations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-11
Wall-cake buildup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-11
Keyseating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-12
Freeing stuck pipe
Baroid Mud Handbook (well cementig .pdf free download )
Overview
The main cementing materials used in oilfield
applications are:
C Portland cement, API Classes A, C, H, and G
C Blast furnace slag (BFS)
C Pozzolans (fly ash), ASTM Types C and F
Portland cement is the name used for all cementitious
material composed largely of calcium, silica, and
aluminum oxides. Blast furnace slag (BFS) is a byproduct
obtained in the manufacture of pig-iron in a
blast furnace. Pozzolans are silica or silica/alumina
materials that react with calcium hydroxide (lime) and
water to form a stable cement. Pozzolans can be natural
or synthetic.
Cementing materials are used in drilling operations to:
C Isolate zones
C Support casing in the borehole
C Protect the casing from collapse, corrosion, and
drilling shock
C Plug non-producing wells for abandonment
C Plug a portion of a well for sidetracking
This chapter explains the use of additives to control
cementing slurry properties and provides the ideal
operational guidelines for each type of additive. Slurry
design and applications are provided for lead, tail, and
squeeze slurries. Plug design, spacer guidelines, and
spacer-volume calculations are also provided.
well cementig .pdf free download
Cementing additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-3
Accelerators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-3
Retarders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-5
Fluid-loss control additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-6
Extenders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-7
Free-water control additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-7
Weighting materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-8
Slag activators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-8
Dispersants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-9
Strength retrogression preventers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-9
Slurry design and applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-10
Lead slurry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-10
Tail slurry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-10
Squeeze slurry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-11
Plugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-11
Spacers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-11
Spacer volume calculations . .
Drilling Oil wells in Algeria
Drilling Oil wells in Algeria "Petroleum (Industry)" platform and it's types workover petroleum
ADVANCES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING free download
Edited by Matt hias Schmidt
Contents
Part 1
Applied Computing Techniques 1
Next Generation Self-learning Style
in Pervasive Computing Environments 3
Kaoru Ota, Mianxiong Dong,
Long Zheng, Jun Ma, Li Li,
Daqiang Zhang and Minyi Guo
Automatic Generation of Programs 17
Ondřej Popelka and Jiří Štastný
Application of Computer Algebra into
the Analysis of a Malaria Model using MAPLE™ 37
Davinson Castaño Cano
Understanding Virtual Reality Technology:
Advances and Applications 53
Moses Okechukwu Onyesolu and Felista Udoka Eze
Real-Time Cross-Layer Routing
Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks 71
Khaled Daabaj and Shubat Ahmeda
Innovations in Mechanical Engineering 95
Experimental Implementation
of Lyapunov based MRAC for Small
Biped Robot Mimicking Human Gait 97
Pavan K. Vempaty, Ka C. Cheok, and Robert N. K. Loh
Performance Assessment of Multi-State
Systems with Critical Failure Modes:
Application to the Flotation Metallic Arsenic Circuit 113
Seraphin C. Abou
Applied Computing Techniques 1
Next Generation Self-learning Style
in Pervasive Computing Environments 3
Kaoru Ota, Mianxiong Dong,
Long Zheng, Jun Ma, Li Li,
Daqiang Zhang and Minyi Guo
Automatic Generation of Programs 17
Ondřej Popelka and Jiří Štastný
Application of Computer Algebra into
the Analysis of a Malaria Model using MAPLE™ 37
Davinson Castaño Cano
Understanding Virtual Reality Technology:
Advances and Applications 53
Moses Okechukwu Onyesolu and Felista Udoka Eze
Real-Time Cross-Layer Routing
Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks 71
Khaled Daabaj and Shubat Ahmeda
Innovations in Mechanical Engineering 95
Experimental Implementation
of Lyapunov based MRAC for Small
Biped Robot Mimicking Human Gait 97
Pavan K. Vempaty, Ka C. Cheok, and Robert N. K. Loh
Performance Assessment of Multi-State
Systems with Critical Failure Modes:
Application to the Flotation Metallic Arsenic Circuit 113
Seraphin C. Abou
Object Oriented Modeling
of Rotating Electrical Machines 135
Christian Kral and Anton Haumer
Mathematical Modelling
and Simulation of Pneumatic Systems 161
Djordje Dihovicni and Miroslav Medenica
Longitudinal Vibration of Isotropic Solid Rods:
From Classical to Modern Theories 187
Michael Shatalov, Julian Marais,
Igor Fedotov and Michel Djouosseu Tenkam
A Multiphysics Analysis of Aluminum Welding
Flux Composition Optimization Methods 215
Joseph I. Achebo
Estimation of Space Air Change Rates and CO2
Generation Rates for Mechanically-Ventilated Buildings 237
Xiaoshu Lu, Tao Lu and Martti Viljanen
Decontamination of Solid and Powder
Foodstuffs using DIC Technology 261
Tamara Allaf, Colette Besombes,
Ismail Mih, Laurent Lefevre and Karim Allaf
of Rotating Electrical Machines 135
Christian Kral and Anton Haumer
Mathematical Modelling
and Simulation of Pneumatic Systems 161
Djordje Dihovicni and Miroslav Medenica
Longitudinal Vibration of Isotropic Solid Rods:
From Classical to Modern Theories 187
Michael Shatalov, Julian Marais,
Igor Fedotov and Michel Djouosseu Tenkam
A Multiphysics Analysis of Aluminum Welding
Flux Composition Optimization Methods 215
Joseph I. Achebo
Estimation of Space Air Change Rates and CO2
Generation Rates for Mechanically-Ventilated Buildings 237
Xiaoshu Lu, Tao Lu and Martti Viljanen
Decontamination of Solid and Powder
Foodstuffs using DIC Technology 261
Tamara Allaf, Colette Besombes,
Ismail Mih, Laurent Lefevre and Karim Allaf
Dynamic Analysis of a DC-DC Multiplier Converter 285
J. C. Mayo-Maldonado, R. Salas-Cabrera, J. C. Rosas-Caro,
H. Cisneros-Villegas, M. Gomez-Garcia, E. N.Salas-Cabrera,
R. Castillo-Gutierrez and O. Ruiz-Martinez
Computation Time Efficient Models
of DC-to-DC Converters for Multi-Domain Simulations 299
Johannes V. Gragger
How to Prove Period-Doubling Bifurcations
Existence for Systems of any Dimension -
Applications in Electronics and Thermal Field 311
Céline Gauthier-Quémard
Advances in Applied Modeling 335
Geometry-Induced Transport Properties
of Two Dimensional Networks 337
Zbigniew Domański
J. C. Mayo-Maldonado, R. Salas-Cabrera, J. C. Rosas-Caro,
H. Cisneros-Villegas, M. Gomez-Garcia, E. N.Salas-Cabrera,
R. Castillo-Gutierrez and O. Ruiz-Martinez
Computation Time Efficient Models
of DC-to-DC Converters for Multi-Domain Simulations 299
Johannes V. Gragger
How to Prove Period-Doubling Bifurcations
Existence for Systems of any Dimension -
Applications in Electronics and Thermal Field 311
Céline Gauthier-Quémard
Advances in Applied Modeling 335
Geometry-Induced Transport Properties
of Two Dimensional Networks 337
Zbigniew Domański
New Approach to a Tourist Navigation System
that Promotes Interaction with Environment 353
Yoshio Nakatani, Ken Tanaka and Kanako Ichikawa
Logistic Operating Curves in Theory and Practice 371
Peter Nyhuis and Matthias Schmidt
Lütkenhöner’s „Intensity Dependence
of Auditory Responses“: An Instructional Example
in How Not To Do Computational Neurobiology 391
Lance Nizami
A Warning to the Human-Factors Engineer: False Derivations
of Riesz’s Weber Fraction, Piéron’s Law, and Others
Within Norwich et al.’s Entropy Theory of Perception 407
Lance Nizami
A Model of Adding Relations in Two Levels of a Linking
Pin Organization Structure with Two Subordinates 425
Kiyoshi Sawada
The Multi-Objective Refactoring Set Selection
Problem - A Solution Representation Analysis 441
Camelia Chisăliţă-Creţu
that Promotes Interaction with Environment 353
Yoshio Nakatani, Ken Tanaka and Kanako Ichikawa
Logistic Operating Curves in Theory and Practice 371
Peter Nyhuis and Matthias Schmidt
Lütkenhöner’s „Intensity Dependence
of Auditory Responses“: An Instructional Example
in How Not To Do Computational Neurobiology 391
Lance Nizami
A Warning to the Human-Factors Engineer: False Derivations
of Riesz’s Weber Fraction, Piéron’s Law, and Others
Within Norwich et al.’s Entropy Theory of Perception 407
Lance Nizami
A Model of Adding Relations in Two Levels of a Linking
Pin Organization Structure with Two Subordinates 425
Kiyoshi Sawada
The Multi-Objective Refactoring Set Selection
Problem - A Solution Representation Analysis 441
Camelia Chisăliţă-Creţu
A review of basic principles of electricity & physics lec (4)
Complex Representation of Signals
Most generally, we can use complex or imaginary values for s (and/or A for that matter)
in equation 9, where s is known as the “complex frequency.” In electrical engineering it
is common practice to use the convention that
j = (-1)^.5 in order to avoid confusion with
the use of i to represent current; we will use that convention for the remainder of this
in equation 9, where s is known as the “complex frequency.” In electrical engineering it
is common practice to use the convention that
j = (-1)^.5 in order to avoid confusion with
the use of i to represent current; we will use that convention for the remainder of this
section. When s is purely imaginary, with the value s = jω and A is real, we can take
advantage of Euler’s relation, that:
advantage of Euler’s relation, that:
capacitor. Note that the V is the real part of Aejωt = Re(Aest).
Substituting into equation 8:
We are interested only the real part of the current, of course, so equation 11 simplifies to
iC = –ωCAsin(ωt), the result of equation 6 above. Looking again at equation 9, when
s = jω the ratio of the voltage to the current is 1/ jω C.
Generalization of Ohm’s law
The ratio of a complex voltage, V, to a complex current, I, is represented by the
impedance, Z. Because sinusoidally varying signals are conveniently represented by
complex numbers (and, as we will see when we discuss the Fourier transform in a
separate section, this can be a generalized representation of most any signal we
encounter), this is an exceptionally powerful formalization. For complex signals, Ohm’s
law states simply that:
The magnitude of the impedance is given in units of Ohms, like resistance, but in
general also incorporates a phase shift. For capacitors, as noted above, the impedance is
1/jωC. Applying Voltage as a cosine wave results in a current that is an inverted sine
wave – a 90° phase shift. In general, multiplication by j represents a 90° phase shift.
As we noted above, the voltage and current relationships for most electrical circuits
(specifically, linear electrical circuits), can be found through the application of Ohm’s
law coupled with KVL and KCL. The Laplace transform solution, as in equation 9, allows
this to be generalized readily to the analysis of devices like capacitors, which store
energy.
One should be a little bit careful here concerning the values of ω, which are in units of
radians/second or angular frequency. In common use we generally speak of frequencies
in cycles/second or “Hertz”. As one cycle is 2π radians, ω=2πf, where the letter f denotes
the frequency in cycles/second. When the input voltage is a sinusoid with frequency, f,
equation 9 may be written as:
general also incorporates a phase shift. For capacitors, as noted above, the impedance is
1/jωC. Applying Voltage as a cosine wave results in a current that is an inverted sine
wave – a 90° phase shift. In general, multiplication by j represents a 90° phase shift.
As we noted above, the voltage and current relationships for most electrical circuits
(specifically, linear electrical circuits), can be found through the application of Ohm’s
law coupled with KVL and KCL. The Laplace transform solution, as in equation 9, allows
this to be generalized readily to the analysis of devices like capacitors, which store
energy.
One should be a little bit careful here concerning the values of ω, which are in units of
radians/second or angular frequency. In common use we generally speak of frequencies
in cycles/second or “Hertz”. As one cycle is 2π radians, ω=2πf, where the letter f denotes
the frequency in cycles/second. When the input voltage is a sinusoid with frequency, f,
equation 9 may be written as:
A review of basic principles of electricity & physics lec (3)
Energy Storage Devices
Though hundreds of different devices exist, we will consider just three other circuit
elements: batteries, capacitors and inductors.
A battery is a familiar device that is an approximation to an ideal Voltage source.
Physically, batteries produce voltage difference through the chemical separation of
charges. As current is allowed to flow from one pole of the battery to the other, charges
move back together releasing energy, generally into the circuit that connects the poles of
the battery. In the circuit of A1.003 (a), a wire connects the positive and negative pole of
a battery. If the wire were “ideal”, having zero resistance, we would expect that all of the
charge would flow instantaneously from the positive to the negative pole of the battery,
such that the current, dQ/dt, would be infinite. Of course this doesn’t actually happen.
Instead, it turns out that all real batteries show some resistance to current flow, which
limits the current. The circuit of A1.003 (b) shows a practical and realistic model of the
battery as an ideal Voltage source in series with a resistor. (This combination is known
as the Thévenin equivalent). Many of the electrical properties of neurons and other
excitable cells may be accurately modeled in this manner.
Capacitors
When two conductors are separated from one another by an insulator, and a source ofcurrent is applied (Figure A1.004), positive charge will accumulate on one side of the
insulator and negative charge on the other, resulting in a buildup of Voltage. As long as
the charge keeps flowing the Voltage will increase steadily, and without limit.
Analogously, if a Voltage source is applied across the separated conductors, charge will
build (immediately, in the case of ideal conductors) of such a magnitude that the
potential energy difference is equal to the Voltage of the source. When the sources are
removed, however, the charge difference, and therefore the Voltage difference, is
retained across the insulating boundary, thus storing potential energy. A device made of
conductors – typically in the form of thin films – separated by an insulating layer is
known as a capacitor. However, capacitance will exist between any conductors
separated by an insulating layer or material. Unlike resistors, capacitors store energy,
rather than dissipate it.
The capacitance, C, is measured as the ratio of the charge across the capacitor to the
applied Voltage:
Q = CV.
The circuit symbol for a capacitor is shown in figure A1.005, and represents two
separated conductive plates.
separated conductive plates.
The unit of capacitance is the Farad. A large capacitance, achieved by having a very
small insulating gap, means that a relatively small charge results in a large Voltage
potential difference, chiefly because the attractive forces between positive and negative
charge are very large over short distances. Taking the first derivative of equation 1, we
see that the current is proportional to the Voltage change over time.
small insulating gap, means that a relatively small charge results in a large Voltage
potential difference, chiefly because the attractive forces between positive and negative
charge are very large over short distances. Taking the first derivative of equation 1, we
see that the current is proportional to the Voltage change over time.
In a sense, this appears similar to Ohm’s law, except that now the current is
proportional to the rate of change of the Voltage, rather than the Voltage alone, as it is in
a resistor. The capacitor, in this case, takes the place of the resistor, but one whose
resistance depends on the rate of change of the Voltage. Rather then resistance, the term
proportional to the rate of change of the Voltage, rather than the Voltage alone, as it is in
a resistor. The capacitor, in this case, takes the place of the resistor, but one whose
resistance depends on the rate of change of the Voltage. Rather then resistance, the term
impedance, measured still in Ohms, is used to describe this behavior. In effect, this
means that while an insulating layer does not pass constant current, time-varying
currents may be passed. The units of Farads are defined such that a Voltage that
changes by 1 V/s, when applied across a 1 Farad capacitor, will result in the flow of 1
ampere (a very large amount) of current. Most often, capacitors used in electronic
circuits have capacitance of a few microfarads (μF).
Specifically, consider applying a sinusoidally varying voltage across the capacitor:
means that while an insulating layer does not pass constant current, time-varying
currents may be passed. The units of Farads are defined such that a Voltage that
changes by 1 V/s, when applied across a 1 Farad capacitor, will result in the flow of 1
ampere (a very large amount) of current. Most often, capacitors used in electronic
circuits have capacitance of a few microfarads (μF).
Specifically, consider applying a sinusoidally varying voltage across the capacitor:
that is, a sinusoidal current with a 90° (=π/4) phase lead with respect to the Voltage.
The term, ω, is the frequency, and this frequency-dependent resistance, measured in
Ohms, is given the term impedance. Specifically, the impedance goes down as the
frequency goes up. Capacitors pass greater current at the same Voltage when the
frequency is higher. They are like resistors whose resistance decreases with frequency.
Unlike resistors however, which dissipate energy as heat, the capacitor only stores
energy, by converting between potential energy in the form of Voltage, and kinetic
energy in the form of current.
The term, ω, is the frequency, and this frequency-dependent resistance, measured in
Ohms, is given the term impedance. Specifically, the impedance goes down as the
frequency goes up. Capacitors pass greater current at the same Voltage when the
frequency is higher. They are like resistors whose resistance decreases with frequency.
Unlike resistors however, which dissipate energy as heat, the capacitor only stores
energy, by converting between potential energy in the form of Voltage, and kinetic
energy in the form of current.
now see is proportional to s. The exponential term, est, simply drops out of the equation.
No assumptions were made about A or s, however, except that they are constant with
respect to t. This solution form to the differential equation 4 is known as the Laplace
transform, and is an important solution method in all forms of linear systems.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)