Mud Logging: Introduction

Logging System provides a full range of rig monitoring, data acquisition, mud logging and drilling engineering services. The Standard mud logging and rig monitoring services are based around our online computerized units (PSL system). Field Drilling Technique (FDT) and consultancy services (geologists, drilling and petroleum engineers) are available from PetroServices GmbH drilling services pool of experienced and qualified personnel.

Advanced computer systems with applications software augment these services. They can be offered as part of the well site and office based services with configuration to a Client’s specific needs. The online computerized unit (PSL system) can be installed in various forms depending on Client requirements. The PSL system is an intelligent, multi-tasking, real time data acquisition and monitoring system. It accepts inputs from all the sensors and provides real time monitoring with audio-visual alarms and error messages of parameters with output to 18” LCD & 20” Monitors, chart recorders, and printers.

All data variables and interval averages are directly stored in a non-volatile data memory buffer. These are accessed by the applications computers, for data manipulation, permanent data storage, plotting and running applications software (DPIC®).

The Online Server Network Station with DTCIS software® creates a comprehensive database of all drilling and geological parameters on 500 GB hard disk with floppy (1.44 MB) and DVD (8.5 GB) disk back up. Full database management and editing is effected and a range of application programs run to enhance analysis and data interpretation. Real time, color graphic displays are available with the Server Network Station. It displays and stores selected time based information at 2-second intervals.

The scope of the logging systems can be expanded through the transmission to a town office system. Data can be transferred via Dial up communications as well as LAN connections, or just by disc update in ASCII format. When rig operations dictate, printed reports and real time displays (graphic screens) can be produced in the Town office on call by the user. In addition, through batch transfer, time or depth related parameters, can be received on the office PC with full access to all applications software, including log plots, and data printouts. PS Field Staff highly trained, with expertise and experience provides the best in performance drilling. The personnel involved have many areas of expertise: geology, formation evaluation, drilling, pressure evaluation, electrical and Log analysis.

hydrocarbon liquids separation

Transmix/DistillationFractionation

PETROGAS has years of experience in designing and building modular distillation systems. PETROGAS designs systems to meet your application, and builds its units to suit your needs.

Transmix Distillation is a simple process of using heat to separate light hydrocarbon products from a diesel or similar interface fluid.

PETROGAS can work in any size range and any metal or alloy to produce a distillation system that predictably distills fluids.

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Lean Oil Absorption

A gas with hydrocarbon vapors enters the bottom of an ABSORBER column and flows upward contacting the counter-flowing LEAN OIL system. The LEAN OIL preferentially absorbs the vapors from the gas, becoming ENRICHED OIL.

RICH OIL is sent to a STRIPPER where the absorbed vapors are removed by heating the RICH OIL, vaporizing the absorbed vapors. The rich oil is, thus, regenerated as lean oil and recycled to the ABSORBER to complete the process loop. The vaporized vapors are liquefied and transferred to storage.

PETROGAS Absorption Systems are designed to operate continuously, or intermittently, in a fully automatic mode. PETROGAS offers a basic system, with options to allow each unit to be customized to meet your unique specifications at a fraction of the cost of a custom designed and fabricated system.

PETROGAS systems have proven superior efficiency in the recovery of hydrocarbons and chemicals from vapor streams. PETROGAS Absorption Systems are supplied as complete factory package units, including instrumentation, piping and electrical, on a structural skid.

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Natural Gas Streams

Gas absorption is an operation in which a soluble component of a gas is dissolved in a liquid.

The PETROGAS absorbent liquid (Lean Oil) selectively absorbs propanes+, or other selected components, from a natural gas stream in accordance with the client specifications for meeting pipeline specifications (by control of the BTU or reduction of the pentanes+) or the economic benefit of the spread between selling liquids as a gas or as a liquid.

The PETROGAS Model A System is available to process natural gas stream flow rates of 5 mcfd to 5,000 mcfd.

natural gas liquids recovery

Gas liquids recovery units are intended to help you meet pipeline sales specifications and/or recover valuable marketable liquids from natural gas. PETROGAS is a recognized leader since 1975, in the design, manufacturing and operation of gas liquids recovery Mini-Plants.

Many natural gas purchasers restrict the liquid content of natural gas entering a gathering system. The restrictions are expressed as thermal value (BTU) and/or pentanes and heavier content. These restrictions are intended to prevent the dangerous condensation and accumulation of liquids in gas transmission lines.

COMPOSITION BTU / SCF	RECOVERY RATE GAL/MCF	TYPICAL SOURCE
3000	24	Storage Tanks
2000	12	Heater Treater
1500	5	Casting Head
1300	3	LP Separator
1200	2	Gas Wells

Applications

Gas Wells: Natural Gas not meeting pipeline specifications with high gas liquids may be conditioned using a PETROGAS Mini Plant. Operators are not fully compensated for liquid components of a natural gas stream. PETROGAS NGL Recovery Plants allow the lease operator to recover liquids prior to the sale of gas. Are your gas sales restricted? Produce more, sell more when you recover liquids

Gas Gathering Systems: Gas pipeline flow rates may be too low to justify a custom constructed plant. PETROGAS NGL Recovery Plants cost less because they are standardized, factory assembled skid modules. Reserve life too short for a custom plant? PETROGAS Plants can be easily moved as the location becomes uneconomical. Casing Head Gas System economies can be greatly improved by liquids recovery. Casing Head gas is normally rich in recoverable liquids.

Injection Gas Stripping: When gas is injected into a formation for storage or repressurization, removal of liquids will reduce equipment maintenance and potential formation blockage. Recovered liquids generate NOW income, not a possible future reserve. Gas lift recycled gas is more effective when the gas liquids are removed and produce extra revenue, too!

Process Gas: Plants receiving fuel from unprocessed sources will encounter excessive maintenance of boilers, injection jets and carbonation of engines. Maintenance can be reduced and additional revenues generated by liquids removal using a PETROGAS NGL Recovery Plant.Improve the quality of METHANE-ETHANE feed stock by the controlled removal of Propane-Butane-Gasoline. Produce a source of Propane-Butane-Gasoline for local consumption.

Fuel Gas Cleaning: Produced natural gas is often too rich in heavier hydrocarbons to be used effectively as a fuel for internal combustion engines. The heavier hydrocarbon components, pentanes, hexanes and heavier will cause excessive carbon deposits and foul engine fuel injection systems, cylinders, etc. Excessively high BTU or pentanes+ fuel gases may void your engine warranty or restrict rentals of natural gas driven equipment, i.e. compressors, generators, etc. PETROGAS offers Fuel Gas Cleaning Systems to remove pentanes+ and give you a fuel gas that will be clean burning and reduce engine maintenance.

Flared or Vented: Low pressure gas from well's casing head, separators, treater, and tank battery vented or flared is more significant than is generally realized. These wasted gases can be processed through a PETROGAS NGL Recovery Plant and yield sizeable revenues to the operator.

Tank Vapor Recovery: Tank vapors emitted to the atmosphere are a significant source of lost revenue and an air pollutant. Recovery by compression has proven to be costly and ineffective. The vapors when compressed return to a liquid state in the pipeline or separator and again vaporize if returned to low pressure storage. Vapors recovered by a PETROGAS Mini-Plant are sold as liquids.

FLUE GAS CONDITIONING

To make your solid emission invisible the efficiency of the electrosatic precipitator must be increased. Pentol’s Flue Gas Conditioning does just this.
The optimisation of the resistivity of the fly ash makes your Precip perform and your stack invisible.

A compact, fully automatic Flue Gas Conditioning System, is installed without requiring a boiler outage. The reduction in solid emission is up to 80%.

Easy operation, low maintenance,
a consequence of Pentol’s thought-out state of the art technologies.