Roberge Pierre R Handbook of Corrosion Engineering

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Roberge Pierre R  Handbook of Corrosion Engineering

Corrosion is the destructive attack of a material by reaction with its
environment. The serious consequences of the corrosion process have
become a problem of worldwide significance. In addition to our everyday
encounters with this form of degradation, corrosion causes plant
shutdowns, waste of valuable resources, loss or contamination of product,
reduction in efficiency, costly maintenance, and expensive overdesign;
it also jeopardizes safety and inhibits technological progress.
The multidisciplinary aspect of corrosion problems combined with the
distributed responsibilities associated with such problems only
increase the complexity of the subject. Corrosion control is achieved by
recognizing and understanding corrosion mechanisms, by using corrosion-
resistant materials and designs, and by using protective systems,
devices, and treatments. Major corporations, industries, and government
agencies have established groups and committees to look after
corrosion-related issues, but in many cases the responsibilities are
spread between the manufacturers or producers of systems and their
users. Such a situation can easily breed negligence and be quite costly
in terms of dollars and human lives.

Kermit Sigmon functions matlab free download

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DRILLING FLUIDS PROCESSING HANDBOOK free download

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CONTENTS
Biographies xvii
Preface xxiii
1 Historical Perspective and Introduction 1
1.1 Scope 1
1.2 Purpose 1
1.3 Introduction 2
1.4 Historical Perspective 4
1.5 Comments 11
1.6 Waste Management 13
2 Drilling Fluids 15
2.1 Drilling Fluid Systems 15
2.1.1 Functions of Drilling Fluids 15
2.1.2 Types of Drilling Fluids 16
2.1.3 Drilling Fluid Selection 17
2.1.4 Separation of Drilled Solids from Drilling Fluids 20
2.2 Characterization of Solids in Drilling Fluids 25
2.2.1 Nature of Drilled Solids and Solid Additives 25
2.2.2 Physical Properties of Solids in Drilling Fluids 26
2.3 Properties of Drilling Fluids 31
2.3.1 Rheology 32
2.4 Hole Cleaning 38
2.4.1 Detection of Hole-Cleaning Problems 38
2.4.2 Drilling Elements That Affect Hole Cleaning 40
2.4.3 Filtration 45
2.4.4 Rate of Penetration 47
2.4.5 Shale Inhibition Potential/Wetting Characteristics 51
2.4.6 Lubricity 52
2.4.7 Corrosivity 53
2.4.8 Drilling-Fluid Stability and Maintenance 54

2.5 Drilling Fluid Products 54
2.5.1 Colloidal and Fine Solids 54
2.5.2 Macropolymers 55
2.5.3 Conventional Polymers 56
2.5.4 Surface-Active Materials 57
2.6 Health, Safety, and Environment and Waste Management 58
2.6.1 Handling Drilling Fluid Products and Cuttings 58
2.6.2 Drilling Fluid Product Compatibility and Storage
Guidelines 58
2.6.3 Waste Management and Disposal 62
References 66
3 Solids Calculation 69
3.1 Procedure for a More Accurate Low-Gravity Solids
Determination 70
3.1.1 Sample Calculation 73
3.2 Determination of Volume Percentage of Low-Gravity Solids
in Water-Based Drilling Fluid 77
3.3 Rig-Site Determination of Specific Gravity of Drilled
Solids 78
4 Cut Points 81
4.1 How to Determine Cut Point Curves 85
4.2 Cut Point Data: Shale Shaker Example 90
5 Tank Arrangement 93
5.1 Active System 94
5.1.1 Suction and Testing Section 94
5.1.2 Additions Section 95
5.1.3 Removal Section 95
5.1.4 Piping and Equipment Arrangement 96
5.1.5 Equalization 98
5.1.6 Surface Tanks 99
5.1.7 Sand Traps 100
5.1.8 Degasser Suction and Discharge Pit 102
5.1.9 Desander Suction and Discharge Pits 102
5.1.10 Desilter Suction and Discharge Pits (Mud Cleaner/
Conditioner) 103
5.1.11 Centrifuge Suction and Discharge Pits 103
5.2 Auxiliary Tank System 104
5.2.1 Trip Tank 104
5.3 Slug Tank 105
5.4 Reserve Tank(s) 105

Scalping Shakers and Gumbo Removal 107
7 Shale Shakers 111
7.1 How a Shale Shaker Screens Fluid 113
7.2 Shaker Description 116
7.3 Shale Shaker Limits 118
7.3.1 Fluid Rheological Properties 119
7.3.2 Fluid Surface Tension 120
7.3.3 Wire Wettability 120
7.3.4 Fluid Density 120
7.3.5 Solids: Type, Size, and Shape 120
7.3.6 Quantity of Solids 121
7.3.7 Hole Cleaning 121
7.4 Shaker Development Summary 121
7.5 Shale Shaker Design 122
7.5.1 Shape of Motion 123
7.5.2 Vibrating Systems 133
7.5.3 Screen Deck Design 134
7.5.4 g Factor 136
7.5.5 Power Systems 140
7.6 Selection of Shale Shakers 143
7.6.1 Selection of Shaker Screens 145
7.6.2 Cost of Removing Drilled Solids 145
7.6.3 Specific Factors 146
7.7 Cascade Systems 148
7.7.1 Separate Unit 150
7.7.2 Integral Unit with Multiple Vibratory Motions 150
7.7.3 Integral Unit with a Single Vibratory Motion 152
7.7.4 Cascade Systems Summary 152
7.8 Dryer Shakers 153
7.9 Shaker User’s Guide 154
7.9.1 Installation 155
7.9.2 Operation 156
7.9.3 Maintenance 157
7.9.4 Operating Guidelines 158
7.10 Screen Cloths 159
7.10.1 Common Screen Cloth Weaves 160
7.10.2 Revised API Designation System 167
7.10.3 Screen Identification 174
7.11 Factors Affecting Percentage-Separated Curves 174
7.11.1 Screen Blinding 176
7.11.2 Materials of Construction 177
7.11.3 Screen Panels 178

13.3.5 Running Centrifuges in Series 318
13.3.6 Centrifuging Drilling Fluids with Costly Liquid
Phases 320
13.3.7 Flocculation Units 320
13.3.8 Centrifuging Hydrocyclone Underflows 321
13.3.9 Operating Reminders 321
13.3.10 Miscellaneous 321
13.4 Rotary Mud Separator 321
13.4.1 Problem 1 322
13.5 Solutions to the Questions in Problem 1 324
13.5.1 Question 1 324
13.5.2 Question 2 324
13.5.3 Question 3 324
13.5.4 Question 4 325
13.5.5 Question 5 325
13.5.6 Question 6 325
13.5.7 Question 7 325
13.5.8 Question 8 325
13.5.9 Question 9 326
13.5.10 Question 10 326
14 Use of the Capture Equation to Evaluate the Performance
of Mechanical Separation Equipment Used to Process
Drilling Fluids 327
14.1 Procedure 330
14.1.1 Collecting Data for the Capture Analysis 330
14.1.2 Laboratory Analysis 330
14.2 Applying the Capture Calculation 331
14.2.1 Case 1: Discarded Solids Report to Underflow 331
14.2.2 Case 2: Discarded Solids Report to Overflow 331
14.2.3 Characterizing Removed Solids 331
14.3 Use of Test Results 332
14.3.1 Specific Gravity 332
14.3.2 Particle Size 332
14.3.3 Economics 333
14.4 Collection and Use of Supplementary Information 334
15 Dilution 335
15.1 Effect of Porosity 337
15.2 Removal Efficiency 338
15.3 Reasons for Drilled-Solids Removal 339
15.4 Diluting as a Means for Controlling Drilled Solids 340
15.5 Effect of Solids Removal System Performance 341

WELL LOGGING AND FORMATION EVALUATION free download pdf

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INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this book is to provide a series of techniques which will
be of real practical value to petrophysicists in their day-to-day jobs. These
are based on my experience from many years working in oil companies.
To this end I have concentrated wherever possible on providing one recommended
technique, rather than offer the reader a choice of different
options.
The primary functions of a petrophysicist are to ensure that the right
operational decisions are made during the course of drilling and testing a
well—from data gathering, completion and testing—and thereafter to
provide the necessary parameters to enable an accurate static and dynamic
model of the reservoir to be constructed. Lying somewhere between
Operations, Production Geology, Seismology, Production Technology and
Reservoir Engineering, the petrophysicist has a key role in ensuring the
success of a well, and the characterization of a reservoir.
The target audience for this book are operational petrophysicists in their
first few years within the discipline. It is expected that they have some
knowledge of petroleum engineering and basic petrophysics, but lack
experience in operational petrophysics and advanced logging techniques.
The book also may be useful for those in sister disciplines (particularly
production geology and reservoir engineering) who are using the interpretations
supplied by petrophysicists.

CONTENTS
Introduction ix
1 Basics 1
1.1 Terminology 1
1.2 Basic Log Types 3
1.3 Logging Contracts 9
1.4 Preparing a Logging Programme 11
1.5 Operational Decisions 14
1.6 Coring 16
1.7 Wellsite Mud Logging 21
1.8 Testing/Production Issues 24
2 Quicklook Log Interpretation 29
2.1 Basic Quality Control 29
2.2 Identifying the Reservoir 30
2.3 Identifying the Fluid Type and Contacts 32
2.4 Calculating the Porosity 34
2.5 Calculating Hydrocarbon Saturation 37
2.6 Presenting the Results 40
2.7 Pressure/Sampling 42
2.8 Permeability Determination 45
3 Full Interpretation 49
3.1 Net Sand Definition 49
3.2 Porosity Calculation 51
3.3 Archie Saturation 53
3.4 Permeability 54
4 Saturation/Height Analysis 59
4.1 Core Capillary Pressure Analysis 60
4.2 Log-Derived Functions 64
5 Advanced Log Interpretation Techniques 67
5.1 Shaly Sand Analysis 67
5.2 Carbonates 73
5.3 Multi-Mineral/Statistical Models 74
5.4 NMR Logging 76
5.5 Fuzzy Logic 85
5.6 Thin Beds 87
5.7 Thermal Decay Neutron Interpretation 93
5.8 Error Analyses 96
5.9 Borehole Corrections 101
6 Integration with Seismic 103
6.1 Synthetic Seismograms 103
6.2 Fluid Replacement Modelling 108
6.3 Acoustic/Elastic Impedance Modelling 110
7 Rock Mechanics Issues 115
8 Value Of Information 119
9 Equity Determinations 125
9.1 Basis for Equity Determination 126
9.2 Procedures/Timing for Equity Determination 127
9.3 The Role of the Petrophysicist 129
10 Production Geology Issues 137
10.1 Understanding Geological Maps 140
10.2 Basic Geological Concepts 147
11 Reservoir Engineering Issues 155
11.1 Behavior of Gases 155
11.2 Behavior of Oil/Wet Gas Reservoirs 159
11.3 Material Balance 162
11.4 Darcy’s Law 163
11.5 Well Testing 166
12 Homing-in Techniques 171
12.1 Magnetostatic Homing-in 171
12.2 Electromagnetic Homing-in 185
13 Well Deviation, Surveying, and Geosteering 193
13.1 Well Deviation 193
13.2 Surveying 195
13.3 Geosteering 197
13.4 Horizontal Wells Drilled above a Contact 203
13.5 Estimating the Productivity Index for Long
Horizontal Wells 205
Appendix 1 Test Well 1 Data Sheet 207
Appendix 2 Additional Data for Full Evaluation 215
Appendix 3 Solutions to Exercises 218
Appendix 4 Additional Mathematics Theory 251
Appendix 5 Abbreviations and Acronyms 264
Appendix 6 Useful Conversion Units and Constants 268
Appendix 7 Contractor Tool Mnemonics 271
Bibliography 309
About the Author 313
Acknowledgments 314
Index 315

Dictionary for the Petroleum Industry free download

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AAPG abbr: American Association of
Petroleum Geologists AAPL abbr: American Association of Petroleum Landmen abaft adv: 1. toward the stem of a ship or mobile offshore drilling rig. 2. behind. 3. farther aft than. See aft  abandon v: to cease producing oil and gas from a well when it becomes unprofitable or to cease further work on a newly drilled well when it proves not to contain profitable quantities of oil or gas. Several steps are involved: part of the casing may be removed and salvaged; one or more cement plugs are placed in the borehole to prevent migration of fluids between the different formations penetrated by the borehole; and the well is abandoned. In most oil-producing states, it is necessary to secure permission
from official agencies before a well may be abandoned. abandoned well n: a well not in use because it was a dry hole originally, or
because it has ceased to produce. Statutes and regulations in many states require the plugging of abandoned wells to prevent the seepage of oil, gas, or water from one stratum of underlying rock to another. abandonment n: termination of a jurisdictional sale or service. Under Section 7(b) of the Natural Gas Act, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission must determine in advance that the "present or future public convenience and necessity" or depletion of gas supplies requires termination. abandonment pressure n: the average reservoir pressure at which an amount of gas insufficient to permit continued economic operation of a producing gas well
is expelled. abd, abdn abbr: abandoned; used in drilling reports. abnormal pressure n: pressure exceeding
or falling below the pressure to be expected at a given depth. Normal pressure increases
approximately 0.465 pow1ds per square inch per foot of depth or 10.5 kilopascals per
metre of depth. Thus, normal pressure at 1,000 feet is 465 pounds per square inch; at
1,000 metres it is 10,500 kilopascals. See pressure gradient.
aboard adv: on or in a ship, offshore drilling rig, helicopter, or production platform.
abrasion n: wearing away by friction. ABS abbr: American Bureau of Shipping.
abscissa n: the horizontal coordinate of a point in a plane obtained by measuring
parallel to the x-axis. Compare ordinate. absolute (abs) adj: independent or
unlimited, such as an absolute condition, or completely unadulterated, such as alcohol.
absolute density n: the density of a solid or liquid substance at a specified temperature.
Sometimes referred to as true density or density in vacuo. See density.
absolute dynamic viscosity n: the force in  dynes that a stationary flat plate with a
surface area of 1 square centimetre exerts on a similar parallel plate 1 centimetre away
and moving in its own plane with a velocity of 1 centimetre per second, the space
between the plates being filled with the liquid in question. It is a measure of the
resistance that the liquid offers to shear. absolute error n: the difference between the
result of a measurement and the true value
of the measured quantity as determined by
means of a suitable standard device.
absolute humidity n: the amount of
moisture present in the air. It may be
expressed in milligrams of water per cubic
metre of air. Compare relative humidity.
absolute kinematic viscosity n: the value
obtained when the absolute dynamic
viscosity is divided by the density
(expressed in grams per cubic centimetre)
of the liquid at the temperature concerned.
absolute mass n: the expression of a fluid's
weight (mass) in terms of its weight in a
vacuum.
absolute open flow n: the maximum flow
rate that a well could theoretically deliver
with zero pressure at the face of the
reservoir.
absolute ownership n: the theory that
minerals such as oil and gas are fully owned
in place before they are extracted and
reduced to possession. Despite this theory,
title to oil and gas may be lost by legitimate
drainage and by the rule of capture. Also
called ownership in place. See rule of
capture.
absolute permeability n: a measure of the
ability of a single fluid (such as water, gas,
or oil) to flow through a rock formation when
the formation is totally filled (saturated) with
that fluid. The permeability measure of a
rock filled with a single fluid is different from
the permeability measure of the same rock
filled with two or more fluids. Compare
effective permeability, relative permeability.

absolute porosity n: the percentage of the
total bulk volume of a rock sample that is
composed of pore spaces or voids. See
porosity.
absolute pressure n: total pressure
measured from an absolute vacuum. It
equals the sum of the gauge pressure and
the atmospheric pressure. Expressed in
pounds per square inch.
absolute temperature scale n: a scale of
temperature measurement in which zero
degrees is absolute zero. On the Rankine
absolute temperature scale, which is based
on degrees Fahrenheit. water freezes at
492' and boils at 672". On the Kelvin
absolute temperature scale, which is based
on degrees Celsius, water freezes at 273°
and boils at 373°. See absolute zero.
absolute viscosity n: the property by which
a fluid in motion offers resistance to shear
and flow. Usually expressed as newton
seconds/metre.
absolute zero n: a hypothetical temperature
at which there is a total absence of heal
Since heat is a result of energy caused by
molecular motion, there is no motion of
molecules with respect to each other at
absolute zero.
absorb v: I. to take in and make part of an
existing whole. 2. to recover liquid hydrocarbons
from natural or refinery gas in a
gas- absorption plant. The wet gas enters
the absorber at the bottom and rises to die
top, encountering a stream of absorption oil
(a light oil) travelling downward over bubblecap
trays, valve trays, or sieve trays. The
light oil removes, or absorbs, the heavier
liquid hydrocarbons from the wet gas. See
bubble-cap tray, sieve tray, valve tray.

Absorbent n: see absorption oil.
absorber n: 1. A vertical, cylindrical
vessel that recovers heavier
hydorcarbons from a mixture of
predominantly lighter hydrocarbons.
Also called absorption tower. 2. A vessel
in which gas is dehydrated by being
bubbled through glycol. See absorb.
absorber capacity n: the maximum
volume of natural gas that can be
processed through an absorber at a
specified absorption oil rate, temperature,
and pressure without exceeding pressure
drop or any oilier operating limitation.
absorption n: 1. the process of sucking
up, taking in and making part of an
existing whole. Compare adsorption. 2.
the process in which short wave
radiation is retained by regions of the
earth.
absorption dynamometer n: a device
that measures mechanical force. The
energy measured is absorbed by
frictional or electrical resistance.
absorption gasoline n: the gasoline
extracted from natural gas by putting
the gas into contact with oil in a vessel
and subsequently distilling the gasoline
from the heavier oil.
absorption oil n: a hydrocarbon liquid
used to absorb and recover components
from natural gas being processed. Also
called wash oil.
absorption plant n: a plant that
processes natural gas with absorption
oil.
absorption-refrigeration cycle n: a
mechanical refrigeration system in which
the refrigerant is absorbed by a suitable
liquid or solid. The most CODlD1only
used refrigerant is ammonia; the most
commonly used absorbing medium is
water. Compare compressionrefrigeration
cycle.
absorption tower n: see
absorber.
abstract-based title opinion n: a title
opinion based on a complete abstract of
title and other relevant documents.
Compare stand- up title opinion.
abstract company n: a private
company in the business of preparing
abstracts of title
and performing related services. Also
called abstract plant.
abstract of title n: a collection of all of
the recorded instruments affecting title to
a tract of land. Compare base abstract.
abstract plant n: see abstract company.
abyssal adj: of or relating to the bottom
waters of the ocean.
Ac abbr: altocumulus.
AC abbr: alternating current.
accelerated aging test n: a procedure
whereby a product may be subjected to
intensified but controlled conditions of
heat, pressure, radiation, or other
variables to produce, in a short time,
the effects of long- time storage or use
under normal conditions. acceleration
stress n: when a crane is hoisting a
load, the additional force the load
imposes on a wire rope or a sling when
the load's speed increases.
accelerator n: a chemical additive that
reduces the setting time of cement. See
cement, cementing materials.
accelerometer n: an instrument that
detects changes in motion or measures
acceleration. accessory equipment n:
any device that enhances the utility of a
measurement system, including
readouts, registers, monitors, and
liquid- or flow-conditioning equipment.
accrete v: to enlarge by the addition of
external parts or particles.
accumulate v: to amass or collect.
When
oil and gas migrate into porous
formations, the quantity collected is
called an accumulation.
accumulator n: 1. a vessel or tank that
receives and temporarily stores a liquid
used in a continuous process in a gas
plant. See drip accumulator. 2. on a
drilling rig, the storage device for
nitrogen-pressurised hydraulic fluid,
which is used in operating the blow out
preventers. See blowout preventer
control unit.
accumulator bottle n: a bottle-shaped
steel cylinder located in a blowout
preventer control unit to store nitrogen
and hydraulic fluid under pressure
(usually at 3,(XK)pounds per square
inch). The fluid is used to actuate the
blowout preventer stack.
accuracy n: the ability of a measuring
instrument to indicate values closely
approximating the true value of the
quantity measured.
accuracy curve of a volume meter n:
a plot of meter factor as a function of
flow rate used to evaluate the meter's
performance. See flow rate, meter
factor:
acetic acid n: an organic acid
compound sometimes used to acidise
oil wells. It is not as corrosive as other
acids used in well treatments. Its
chemical formula is C2~O2' or
CH3COOH.
acetylene welding n: a method of
joining steel components in which
acetylene gas and oxygen are mixed in
a torch to attain the high temperatures
necessary for welding. As an early type
of welding (it was also called
oxyacetylene welding), its primary
disadvantage was the seepage of
molten weld material onto the interior
surface of the pipe, often leading to
corrosion problems. ACGIH abbr: American Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygienists.
acid n: any chemical compound. one
element of which is hydrogen, that
dissociates in solution to produce free
hydrogen ions. For example,
hydrochloric acid. HCI, dissociates in
water to produce hydrogen ions, H+,
and chloride ions, CI-. This reaction is
expressed chemically as HCI + H+ + CI-
. See ion. acid brittleness n: see hydrogen embrinlement.
acid clay n: a naturally occurring clay
that, after activation, usually with acid, is
used mainly as a decolourant or refining
agent, and sometimes as a desulphuriser, coagulant, or catalyst. acid fracture v: to part or open fractures in productive hard limestone formations by using a combination of oil and acid or water and acid under high pressure. See formation fracturing. acid gas n: a gas that forms an acid when mixed with water. In petroleum production and processing, the most common acid gases are hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide. Both cause corrosion, and hydrogen sulphide is very poisonous. acidity n: the quality of being acid. Relative acid strength of a liquid is measured by pH. A liquid with a pH below 7 is acid. See pH.

Applied Reservoir Engineering free download

Applied Reservoir Engineering

Dr. Hamid Khattab

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3-D Structural Geology

Richard H. Groshong, Jr.
3-D Structural Geology
A Practical Guide to Quantitative Surface
and Subsurface Map Interpretation
Second Edition

Author
Richard H. Groshong, Jr.
University of Alabama
and
3-D Structure Research
10641 Dee Hamner Rd.
Northport, AL 35475
USA

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Shale Shakers Drilling Fluid Systems

Shale Shakers Drilling Fluid Systems handbook

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mappingbook (William A. Thomas)

William A. Thomas

With a Foreword by
Philip E. LaMoreaux

American Geological Institute
In cooperation with
Association of American State Geologists
Geological Society of America
National Park Service
U.S. Geological Survey

 value of geologic maps

geologic maps are the single most important and
valuable tool we have for understanding and living
with the Earth around us. Their usefulness is so broad
that geologic maps are the most requested scientific product
produced by state and federal geological surveys. Kentucky’s
experience with geologic maps exemplifies their value and
utility.

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contents

Using Geologic Maps for Habitat
Prediction Tim Connors 28
2 Geologic Maps and Cave Resources
Kentucky Geological Survey 30
3 Geologic Maps and Mineral Resources
Jonathan G. Price 32
4 Geologic Map Delineates Landslide
Hazards Gregory C. Ohlmacher,
James R. McCauley, John C. Davis 34
5 Geologic Map Depicts Sinkhole
Susceptibility David K. Brezinski,
James P. Reger, Gerald R. Baum 36
6 Geologic Maps Identify Landslide
Hazards Russell W. Graymer,
Richard J. Pike 38
7 Geologic Map Helps To Protect
Groundwater William A. Thomas,
Willard E. Ward, W. Edward Osborne 40
8 Geologic Map Guides Earthquake
Damage Prediction Scott D. Stanford 42
9 Geologic Maps Identify Post-Wildfire
Hazards Vince Matthews, David Gonzales 44
10 Geologic Maps Guide the Delineation
of Ecosystems Scott Southworth,
Danielle Denenny 46
11 Geologic Map Delineates Volcanic Hazards
Joe D. Dragovich, David K. Norman 48
12 Geologic Maps Delineate Sand and Gravel
Resources Beth L. Widmann, Jim Cappa 50
13 Geologic Maps Identify Could Resources
and Past Mining Clifford H. Dodge 52
14 Geologic Map Guides Transportation
Planning Edward C. Murphy 54
15 Geologic Map Aids Mitigation of
Earthquake Damage George Plafker 56
16 Using Geologic Maps To Find
Groundwater Peggy S. Johnson 58
Glossary 60
Credits 61
State Geological Surveys 62
Index 63
AGI Environmental Geoscience Program
& AGI Foundation 64

Geological Structures and Maps

Geological Structures
and Maps
A PRACTICAL GUIDE

Geological Structures
and Maps
A PRACTICAL GUIDE
Third edition
RICHARD J. LISLE
Cardiff University

 

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Contents

Geological Maps 

 Uniformly Dipping Beds 

 Folding 

 Faulting 

 Unconformity 

 Igneous Rocks 

 Folding with Cleavage
Further Reading

Preface

GEOLOGICAL maps represent the expression on the earth’s
surface of the underlying geological structure. For this
reason the ability to correctly interpret the relationships
displayed on a geological map relies heavily on a knowledge
of the basic principles of structural geology.
This book discusses, from first principles up to and
including first-year undergraduate level, the morphology of
the most important types of geological structures, and
relates them to their manifestation on geological maps.
Although the treatment of structures is at an elementary
level, care has been taken to define terms rigorously and in
a way that is in keeping with current professional usage. All
too often concepts such as ‘asymmetrical fold’, ‘fold axis’
and ‘cylindrical fold’ explained in first textbooks have to be
re-learned ‘correctly’ at university level.
Photographs of structures in the field are included to
emphasize the similarities between structures at outcrop
scale and on the scale of the map. Ideally, actual fieldwork
experience should be gained in parallel with this course.
The book is designed, as far as possible, to be read
without tutorial help. Worked examples are given to assist
with the solution of the exercises. Emphasis is placed
throughout on developing the skill of three-dimensional
visualization so important to the geologist.
In the choice of the maps for the exercises, an attempt
has been made to steer a middle course between the
artificial-looking idealized type of ‘problem map’ and real
survey maps. The latter can initially overwhelm the
student with the sheer amount of data presented. Many of
the exercises are based closely on selected ‘extracts’ from
actual maps.
I am grateful to the late Professor T.R. Owen who
realized the need for a book with this scope and encouraged
me to write it. Peter Henn and Catherine Shephard of
Pergamon Books are thanked for their help and patience.
Thanks are also due to Vivienne Jenkins and Wendy
Johnson for providing secretarial help, and to my wife Ann
for her support.

Basic Petroleum Geology and Log Analysis

Geology is the science that deals with the history and structure of the earth and its life
forms, especially as recorded in the rock record. A basic understanding of its concepts
and processes is essential in the petroleum industry, for it is used to predict where oil
accumulations might occur. It is the job of the petroleum geologist to use his/her
knowledge to reconstruct the geologic history of an area to determine whether the
formations are likely to contain petroleum reservoirs. It is also the job of the geologist to
determine whether the recovery and production of these hydrocarbons will be
commercially profitable.
The physical characteristics of a reservoir, how petroleum originated and in what type of
rock, what types of fluids exist in the reservoir, how hydrocarbons become trapped, and
basic well log analysis are some of the concepts vital to the production and recovery
efforts of any exploration or energy service company.oil spill

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Carl Gatlin - Drilling Well Completion

 Carl Gatlin - Drilling Well Completion

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Advanced Reservoir Engineering

Advanced
Reservoir
Engineering

Tarek Ahmed
Senior Staff Advisor
Anadarko Petroleum Corporation
Paul D. McKinney
V.P. Reservoir Engineering
Anadarko Canada Corporation

Dedication

This book is dedicated to our wonderful and understanding wives, Shanna Ahmed and Teresa McKinney, (without whom this
book would have been finished a year ago), and to our beautiful children (NINE of them, wow), Jennifer (the 16 year old
nightmare), Justin, Brittany and Carsen Ahmed, and Allison, Sophie, Garretson, Noah and Isabelle McKinney.

The primary focus of this book is to present the basic
physics of reservoir engineering using the simplest and
most straightforward of mathematical techniques. It is only
through having a complete understanding of physics of
reservoir engineering that the engineer can hope to solve
complex reservoir problems in a practical manner. The book
is arranged so that it can be used as a textbook for senior
and graduate students or as a reference book for practicing
engineers.
Chapter 1 describes the theory and practice of well testing
and pressure analysis techniques, which is probably one
of the most important subjects in reservoir engineering.
Chapter 2 discusses various water-influx models along with
detailed descriptions of the computational steps involved in
applying these models. Chapter 3 presents the mathematical
treatment of unconventional gas reservoirs that include
abnormally-pressured reservoirs, coalbed methane, tight
gas, gas hydrates, and shallow gas reservoirs. Chapter 4
covers the basic principle oil recovery mechanisms and the
various forms of the material balance equation. Chapter 5
focuses on illustrating the practical application of the MBE
in predicting the oil reservoir performance under different
scenarios of driving mechanisms. Fundamentals of oil field
economics are discussed in Chapter 6.  

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Well Engineering & Construction

Well Engineering & Construction

hussain rabia

Chapter 1 : Pore Pressure 1
Chapter 2 : Formation Integrity Tests 49
Chapter 3 : Kick Tolerance 71
Chapter 4 : Casing Properties 99
Chapter 5 : Casing Design Principles 143
Chapter 6 : Cementing 201
Chapter 7 : Drilling Fluids 265
Chapter 8 : Practical Rig Hydraulics 305
Chapter 9 : Drill Bits 339
Chapter 10 : Drillstring Design 383
Chapter 11 : Directional Drilling 439
Chapter 12 : Wellbore Stability 525
Chapter 13 : Hole Problems 569
Chapter 14 : Horizontal & Multilateral Wells 625
Chapter 15 : High Pressure & High Temperature Wells 675
Chapter 16 : Rig Components 711
Chapter 17 : Well Costing743

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