Packers-Subsurface Safety Valves

Packers

Packers systems are among the most important tools in the tubing string. The types of packer systems vary greatly. Often, they're designed or configured to meet specific wellbore or reservoir conditions, such as single-packer or tandem-packer configurations, single-tubing or dual-tubing strings, and the full range of pressure and temperature applications.

The basic requirement of packers systems and associated tools relates to flow from or injection into the formation to the tubing string or production conduit. The packer must enable efficient flow and must not restrict normal production or injection flow.

Subsurface Safety Valves

Work on subsea wells is a costly and hazardous process. Crucial to efficiency and safety are the successful installation, dependable operation, and long-term reliability of subsurface safety and injection valves.

Safety valves, an integral part of well completions, protect offshore and land production installations. Schlumberger surface-controlled subsurface safety valves use the innovative rod piston hydraulicactuation system developed by Schlumberger. All series contain a rugged, metal-to-metal Inconel flapper closure mechanism plus secondary soft seal. Schlumberger offers six main safety valve styles, ranging from basic to the most high-tech design available in the industry.

Multilaterals

Reduce total well construction costs and improve reservoir access.
Increasing reserves while minimizing investment is the focus for multilateral technology, which lets you confidently reenter existing wells. You can drill an additional lateral to increase reservoir exposure or branch more than one lateral to increase reservoir exposure and target complex reservoirs.

RapidConnect

Stable access for the life of the well.
RapidExclude

Reduce trips into the hole

RapidConnect multilateral completion system providing selective drainhole access and connectivity. Get superior junction stability and strength, improved drainage and excellent mechanical integrity with built-in lateral access. Use a simple, low-risk system with running procedures that minimize trips into the hole.

Minimize costs

RapidConnect components can be installed with the RapidAccess multilateral completion system index casing coupling (ICC) or with packer-based systems. With ICC and RapidConnect, you have a planning option for future laterals. At minimal cost, the ICC can be installed in advance for a permanent depth and orientation reference with full casing integrity until the window is milled.

Benefits

• Reduce trips into the hole
• Ensure stable access for the well's life
• Get long-term stability in fragile shales, depleted reservoirs and mobile salts

The Schlumberger RapidExclude

junction is a high-strength junction for multilateral completions
RapidTieBack Quad System

Improve reservoir drainage

RapidExclude multilateral junction for solids exclusion is safe, reliable and extremely robust for full-size drilling diameters. The template and connector, effectively, are a single sand barrier with the continuous, locking rail engagement.

If individual reservoir compartment reserves are uneconomical, the RapidExclude junction using two laterals may penetrate more of the pay zone. A new plan developing a multilateral well producing from two or more compartments may be successful.

Identify risk

With risk assessment to identify the best location, RapidExclude can be used for

• new or reentry wells
• infill well drilling in mature assets
• wells with different pressure regimes requiring inflow control.

Benefits

• Improve reservoir drainage

RapidTieBack Quad System
Reliable multilateral access for maximum reservoir exposure.

Reliable multilateral access for maximum reservoir exposure

RapidTieBack nonmilling multilateral drilling and completion system lets you place closely spaced multiple junctions in the zone of interest and commingle production. Used primarily in heavy oil applications; also in many other oil and gas reservoirs.

This is an economical and reliable approach to using multilaterals for the optimization of heavy-oil reservoirs.

Increase flexibility

The premilled window and mechanically installed tieback require no steel milling, reducing the risk of equipment damage from milling debris. The multiple lateral branches can be selectively accessed.

The big bore lets you use openhole or liners in the lateral branches. The large-diameter liner sleeve allows you to pass completion tools, such as an electrical submersible pump (ESP), through the junction.

Multilateral Reentry System

Controlled, selective entry on coiled tubing for multilateral wells.

Discovery MLT Multilateral Reentry System

Controlled, selective entry on coiled tubing for multilateral wells

Discovery MLT multilateral reentry system is cost-effective and operationally simple for maximizing performance of multilateral wells. The system sends a pressure signal to the surface confirming you've accessed the correct lateral.

Adjusting the suborientation, or bend, from surface and the real-time feedback to surface of window identification save a substantial amount of time. This significantly increases the chance of successful reentry on the first attempt. Only one run to the bottom of the lateral is required for confirmation.

Discovery MLT software

Using Discovery MLT software, you can display several essential parameters, such as the tool orientation relative to the lateral window. The application also monitors previous indexes and guides you through indexing cycles for accurate, real-time information downhole.

After the window is profiled, the software memorizes the window orientation and monitors the BHA orientation, facilitating the location of other windows.

You can determine job feasibility with our CoilCADE CT design and evaluation software and monitor and record real-time data with CoilCAT acquisition software.

RapidX

The RapidX multilateral system provides a simplistic approach to a TAML Level 5 multilateral solution

The RapidX is a ultra high strength junction that provides a full size-drilling diameter, through 9-5/8" casing with large size completion and intervention diameter that meets and exceeds the specifications required for TAML Level 5. The junction design is an evolution of the field proven RapidConnect and RapidExclude systems, to provide sand exclusion and hydraulic isolation at the junction without the need to manipulate a cumbersome completion into the lateral.

Improve reservoir drainage

The RapidX assures access for the life of the well and improved reservoir drainage. With a systematic quantitative risk assessment to identify the best location, the RapidX junction can be used for new or reentry wells, wells with different pressure regimes requiring inflow control or infill wells in mature assets. RapidX provides stability with a lateral exit in unstable shale, cap rock, and sand control at the junction with an exit in the reservoir. The RapidX multilateral system provides a simplistic approach to a TAML Level 5 multilateral solution.

Features

• Internal and external hydraulic tight junction with 2500 psi rating
• TAML level 5 junction without the need to deploy cumbersome completion in upper lateral
• Ability to Cement, Gravel Pack, Run Expandable and Premium Screens in upper lateral
• Simple proven system
• Flexible Junction placement
• Continuous locking rail
• Available in 9-5/8" main bore x 7" lateral
• Large diameter completion
• Rigless, Slick Line or Coil Tubing selective reentry
• Able to integrate Flow Control Valves and/or Pressure Gauges
• No casing orientation required
• Fully retrievable
• For new and reentry wells

Isolation Valves

Prevent formation damage and improve well productivity

Formation isolation valves (FIVs)

• isolate formations without the use of kill fluids
• protect formations from fluid loss damage during completions and workovers
• contain reservoir fluid
• enhance production
• increase wellbore safety
• simplify completion operations.

Reduce well intervention costs

In one North Sea installation, an operator needed to perforate underbalanced horizontal sections and maintain a high productivity index by not killing the wells after perforating. An FIV, with specialized completion equipment and a new perforating technique, saved the operator approximately $400,000 per well and achieved a productivity index of 150 bbl/psi.

Improve safety

FIV reliability means better safety in remedial workovers such as pump replacements. The valve provides a two-way barrier that isolates the formation and contains reservoir fluids, providing increased wellbore safety.

Completion Accessories

Enhance recovery with customized tubing-mounted and flow control equipment.
they are:-
1-Chemical Injection Mandrels
2-Expansion and Separation Assemblies3-Expansion Joints
4-On-Off Attachments
5-Safety Joints
6-Locks and NipplesAccessories
7-Blanking Plugs and Standing Valves
8-Sliding Sleeves and Tubing Drains Accessories
9-Smart Sub Assemblies
10-Tubular Components

ntelligent Completions

Well completions connect you to your reservoir and help you lower production costs, lengthen reservoir life, and optimize hydrocarbon recovery with completions designed for the life of your oil or gas well.
Intelligent completions obtain downhole pressure and temperature data in real time to identify problems in the reservoir or wellbore and optimize production without costly well intervention. Sensing, data transmission, and remote control of zonal flow to isolate the formation from completion fluids help operators minimize fluid loss, manage the reservoir, maintain well integrity, and maximize production.

Flow Control

Flow control valves are used in multizone intelligent completion, comingled-flow completions, auto (natural) gas-lift wells, and well environments with scale deposition, severe erosion, or high temperature conditions.
Flow control valves modify the flow behavior as required for specific operations and can be operated automatically, manually, or remotely as part of an intelligent completion. Used to control upper and lower producing zones, they reduce the production of unwanted water and gas, minimize the costs and risks of well interventions, and maximize well productivity.

Permanent Monitoring Systems

WellWatcher permanent monitoring systems

WellWatcher permanent monitoring systems integrate the most advanced permanent downhole gauges with surface data communication to allow remote monitoring of wells and reservoirs in real time. Pressure, temperature, and flow rate data are transmitted to remote location via satellite, Internet, or cable.

WellWatcher Flux System

The system obtains reservoir data across the sandface of subsea wells in real time to monitor and characterize flow profiles. Electromagnetic induction enables wireless communication and power transmissions between the upper and lower completions.

WellWatcher DTS Fiber Optics

The system captures and transmits distributed temperature profiles with fiber optics reliably, accurately, and in real time to identify the time, location, and reason for changes in flow. Data are transmitted to the surface and then to remote locations via satellite, Internet or cable.

Pressure and Temperature Gauges

These gauges obtain highly accurate, stable measurements with gauges ranging from simple systems to downhole networks.

WellNet Downhole Network and Communication Systems

This telemetry system provides bidirectional, high-rate data communication and transfers electrical power to downhole tools.

Conveyance Components

Connectors and cables are rigorously tested and qualified to meet the highest standards for reliability.

Zonal Isolation

QUANTUM Multiport Packer

The QUANTUM multiPort (QMP) packer is a hydraulically set retrievable packer particularly suited for bypass applications. It is used as the upper packer in stacked configurations in completions with surface-controlled subsurface flow-control valves and tubingmounted reservoir monitoring equipment.

This packer is designed to allow onsite feed-through and connection of electric and hydraulic conduits. Testing of control-line fittings on the packer is accomplished after feed-through. This feature greatly simplifies rig operations and reduces control line terminations. The packer features a one-piece mandrel design with an eccentric flow bore. Bypass lines are fixed relative to the mandrel, eliminating relative movement during releasing. This design facilitates release regardless of the prevailing tubing load condition, i.e., tension or compression at the packer. The QMP packer allows simultaneous setting of multiple packers and is capable of simultaneous testing of bypass seals on the rig floor.

The hydraulically set QMP packer features twin setting pistons that fully energize the sealing elements prior to anchoring the slips.

Retrieval of the QMP packer is accomplished by means of a through-tubing intervention tool and subsequent upward pull on the tubing.

QMP packers are available for a variety of service applications, including H₂S and CO₂ environments.

The QMP packer is designed and tested in accordance with ISO 14310 grade V3.

Benefits

• Simplified operations reduce rig costs.
• Enhanced capabilities allow onsite product customization.
• Reduced rig time achieved by simultaneous setting of multiple packers.

Project Management

Intelligent completions present a wide range of complex technical challenges, especially in deepwater. The Schlumberger Project Management group works closely with operators to plan and design projects; manufacture, test, and install equipment; ensure equipment reliability; and troubleshoot complications. Close collaboration with the operator is considered critical to the success of each project.

Casing

Casing

The delivery system consists of two sizes of casing which were developed to fit two ranges of borehole sizes.

MP38 System has an inside diameter of roughly 38mm (1.5in) and is generally used in boreholes or casing whose inside diameter ranges from 76mm (3in) to 115mm (4.5in).
MP55 System has an inside diameter (ID) of 55mm (2.25in) and is generally used in boreholes or casing whose ID ranges from 98mm (3.9in) to 170mm (6.25in).

Both systems are designed for operation at maximum depths that range from 300m (1,000ft) to over 1,500m (5,000ft).

Both systems are available in plastic and in stainless steel. Steel systems are used in situations where tensile strengths, hydraulic pressures or temperatures are higher than would be suitable for the plastic systems

Regular Couplings

Couplings joining the casing together consist of regular couplings and port couplings. Regular couplings simply join two pieces of casing together, while port couplings provide a controllable pathway for formation fluids on the outside of the coupling to reach the inside of the coupling.

Measurement Ports

The measurement port is the heart of the MP System. Measurement ports are used for the majority of the pressure measurement and fluid sampling operations. Each measurement port coupling has a small check valve that contains a spring that keeps the valve closed so that it will not open due to the application of an exterior fluid pressure. The measurement port is operated by means of a MOSDAX* probe that is lowered into the borehole, locates the measurement port and opens the port valve.

Pumping Ports

In contrast to the measurement port, a pumping port coupling has several relatively large openings. The total area of these openings is approximately equal to the cross-sectional area of the inside of the casing. A sliding sleeve valve controls the pumping port openings. Either mechanical or hydraulic operating tools operate pumping port valves.

Packers

Different levels (monitoring zones) in a borehole are separated by placing impervious layers of backfill around the outside of the casing between monitoring zones or by using water inflated packers.

Westbay has developed a series of modular hydraulically inflated packers that are mounted on plastic or stainless steel mandrels. Each packer has an individual inflation valve attached to the packer. After the packers have been positioned in the borehole, a packer inflation tool is lowered into the borehole and packers are inflated individually.

Magnetic Collars

Magnetic collars can be attached to the outside of the casing near components that will be visited frequently. The collars contain ceramic magnets. When a probe passes by a magnetic collar, a reed switch in the probe is triggered and a "beeping" noise is heard at the surface. This assists the probe operator in determining the location of the probe in the borehole.

Specialized Components

A number of special components are available. These include:

• Y-connectors that permit twin–tubes to be installed in the upper part of the drillhole. This arrangement permits pumping to occur in one tube while sampling and pressure monitoring occur in the other.
• Telescopic casings that can extend or be compressed after installation. These protect the casing components should there be a tendency for the borehole to lengthen or shorten in the future.
• A borehole completion kit that permits de-stressing of the plastic casing during installations in deep boreholes.
  

Tools for Casing Installation and Recovery

Packer Inflation Tools: Each casing system (MP38 and MP55) has a specific tool to inflate packers. These tools have associated winches, hoses and control units for handling the packer inflation activities.

Pumping Port Operating Tools: The operation of pumping ports requires tools that will open and close the pumping port valve. A separate mechanical "open/close" tool is available for the plastic MP38 System. Hydraulic pumping ports for the steel MP38 System and the MP55 System are operated by a modified MOSDAX sampling probe or by a special tool.

Casing Recovery Tools: Casing recovery tools are available for those projects where it is necessary to demonstrate recovery capability before installation proceeds

Completion and Workover Fluids

completion and workover fluids are specialized fluids used during well completion operations and remedial workover procedures.
•These fluids are designed to cause the least amount of damage to the production zone
–The potential for damage to the zone is greater during the completion of workover operation
•Completion fluids are placed across the chosen pay zone after the well has been drilled but prior to putting it on production.
•Workover fluids are used during remedial work in producing wells, usually as an attempt to enhance or prolong the economic life of the well
•Functions of a completions or workover fluid:
–Control subsurface pressures.
–Minimize formation damage.
–Maintain wellbore stability.
–Control fluid losses to the formation.
–Transport solids.
–Maintain stable fluid properties
.•Types of completions and workover fluids:
–Clear, solids-free brines.
•These are the most common
–Polymer-viscosifiedbrines with bridging/weighting agents.
–Other fluids: oil-base, water-base, converted muds, foam


..•Brines are usually selected based on the appropriate density required to control the well

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Well Completion

•After the well is drilled, logged, tested and cased it is time to proceed to completing the well •Completion simply means making the well ready to produce oil and gas under controlled pressures and flow rates •The most common types of completions are open hole, gun-perforated, liner, and gravel-packed liner •Open hole completion –If the formation is competent and can hold together by iteself(such as a limestone or dolmiteformation) a simple open hole completion is adequate.

•Gun-perforated completion –In this case the casing or liner is ran and cemented right through the zone of interest –Perforations are shot through the casing or liner and cement in the formation •Slotted liner completion –a pre-perforated or slotted liner is hung from the bottom of the last string of casing. –If the producing formation is weak or poorly consolidated, sand and other solids will be carried into the well as the oil or gas is produced. –To prevent this “sand production,”the slotted or perforated liner may contain a wire-wrapped or a prepacked-gravel protective layer to keep the sand from entering the wellbore.

Gravel-packed liner –A gravel-packing operation consists of circulating and placing carefully sized gravel into the annular space between the liner and the wellbore wall –Used when there is a weak formation such as loose sand