Petroleum Geology course ( lec 2 )


Rocks and Minerals

Rock is a naturally occurring aggregate of minerals.
A Mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a
characteristic chemical composition, a highly ordered atomic structure and specific physical
properties.


Rock Types

1- Igneous Rocks:
                                           are formed when molten magma cools off.

Igneous Rocks two types also:

    A- Plutonic (Intrusive) Rocks: Form when magma cools      and crystallizes slowly within the Earth’s crust (Granite)

   B- Volcanic (Extrusive) Rocks: Form when magma reaches the surface (Pumice and Basalt)






Basalt (Igneous Volcanic)

The tracks in the rock indicate the way of the lava flow

2 - Metamorphic Rocks: 
Rocks which have been modified in their original compositions by
means of heat, pressure and chemical alterations applied to them

two types also:
a- Foliated metamorphic rocks: have a layered or banded appearance that is produced by exposure to heat and directed pressure; Gneiss, Phyllite, Schist 
b- Non-foliated metamorphic rocks: Do not have a layered or banded appearance; Marble, Quartzite
3 - Sedimentary Rocks: 
 are formed by the accumulation of sediments

Sedimentary Rocks (Classification based on the source of their Sediments)

a- Clastic: Form from rocks that have been broken down into fragments by weathering and erosion followed by transportation; Breccia, Conglomerate, Sandstone, Shale
 
b- Chemical: Form when dissolved materials precipitate from solution; Rock Salt (Halite), Limestone
 
c- Organic: Form from the accumulation of plant or animal debris; Coal
 


Sedimentary Rocks” cover 75-80% of the Earth's land
area and are the most Important group of rocks in
Petroleum Geology
 
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Petroleum Geology course ( lec 1 )

Course Objectives:

1) To introduce you to petroleum geology, specifically the origins and types
of hydrocarbons and the locations of hydrocarbon (sedimentary basins,
reservoirs, traps, seals).
2) To introduce you to exploration techniques; seismics and interpretation,
well logs and interpretation, new technologies (Satellite techniques)


Useful Sources:
1 - Elements of Petroleum Geology by Richard Selley, Academic Press, 1998
2 - Geology and Geochemistry of oil and gas by George Chilingar, Elsevier Publication, 2005


 

Dynamic Earth 
 
 
Dimensions of Earth’s Dynamics – Multidimensional


Dimensions of Earth’s Dynamics - Temporal




Geology in a descending view